Search results for "sensitivity [detector]"
showing 10 items of 400 documents
Posaconazole against Candida glabrata Isolates with Various Susceptibilities to Fluconazole
2008
ABSTRACT We investigated the in vitro activities of posaconazole (POS), fluconazole (FLC), amphotericin B (AMB), and caspofungin (CAS) against four clinical isolates of Candida glabrata with various susceptibilities to FLC (FLC MICs ranging from 1.0 to >64 μg/ml). POS MICs ranged from ≤0.03 to 0.5 μg/ml; AMB MICs ranged from 0.25 to 2.0 μg/ml, while CAS MICs ranged from 0.03 to 0.25 μg/ml. When FLC MICs increased, so did POS MICs, although we did not observe any isolate with a POS MIC greater than 0.5 μg/ml. Time-kill experiments showed that POS, FLC, and CAS were fungistatic against all isolates, while AMB at eight times the MIC was fungicidal against three out of four isolates of C. gl…
Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi by plant extracts used in Chinese medicine.
2004
In this work, we assessed the effect of extracts obtained from 17 plants used in traditional Chinese medicine. These extracts were tested in vitro with the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi, clone Bra C(15) C(2), at 27 degrees C in F-29 medium at a concentration of 100 microg/ml in axenic cultures. Allopurinol was used as reference drug. Seven plant extracts showed inhibitory activities lower than 25%. Pueraria lobata, Mahonia beaei, Dictamus dasycarpus, Kochia scoparia, Sophora flavescens and Ligustrum lucidum showed effects with inhibition values between 25% and 60%, whereas Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Saussurea lappa, Melia toosendan and Cinnamomum cassia showed the greatest inhibit…
Prevalence and risk factors for Enterobacteriaceae in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia
2020
N.J.S. is partially funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI) Partnered Evaluation Initiative Grant (HX002263-01A1). Background and objective : Enterobacteriaceae (EB) spp. family is known to include potentially multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms, and remains as an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) associated with high mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and specific risk factors associated with EB and MDR-EB in a cohort of hospitalized adults with CAP. Methods : We performed a multinational, point-prevalence study of adult patients hospitalized with CAP. MDR-EB was defined when ≥3 ant…
Posaconazole Activity against Candida glabrata after Exposure to Caspofungin or Amphotericin B
2008
ABSTRACT We evaluated the effects of sequential therapy with caspofungin (CAS) or amphotericin B (AMB) followed by posaconazole (POS) against Candida glabrata . The susceptibilities to POS of yeast cells pre-exposed to CAS or AMB were identical to those of untreated cells as shown by standard Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth dilution, cell viability, and disk diffusion methods. We then investigated the activity of sequential regimens in an experimental model of disseminated candidiasis. CAS given at 1 mg/kg/day for 2 days followed by POS at either 15 or 30 mg/kg/day significantly reduced the counts compared to the controls, but this treatment was not superior to the use of …
Euphorbia honey and garlic: Biological activity and burn wound recovery
2019
Currently, chronic wounds and microbial resistance to antibiotics have led to search new healing agents. Combinations of natural products are widely practiced in traditional medicine and exhibited synergistic activity with increased efficacy in treating several pathologies. This study assays the antioxidant, synergistic antimicrobial and burn wound healing activities of Euphorbia honey and Allium sativum (garlic). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each natural product was determined against microorganisms commonly found in wound infections. The synergistic antimicrobial effect was assessed by mixing different concentrations of honey and garlic extract below their relative MICs. …
Synthesis of 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanes and their antiprotozoal activities.
2015
Several bicyclic compounds, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanes, have been prepared. The new compounds were tested for their activities against one strain of the causative organism of Malaria tropica, Plasmodium falciparum K1, which is resistant against chloroquine and pyrimethamine. In addition, their cytotoxicity and their activity against the pathogen of the East African form of sleeping sickness, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, were investigated. Structure-activity relationships are discussed considering data of readily prepared compounds. For the first time, a distinct in vivo activity was observed against Plasmodium berghei in a mouse model. The active compound was further investigated.
Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Clinical Isolates in Al Thawra University Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen
2020
International audience; Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae clinical strains recovered from Al Thawra University Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen. Methods: A total of 27 isolates showing decreased susceptibility to carbapenems were obtained from different clinical specimens in Al Thawra Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen. Strains were identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight spectroscopy. Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. Carbapenemases-encoding genes, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance…
Rules-based HIV-1 genotypic resistance interpretation systems predict 8 week and 24 week virological antiretroviral treatment outcome and benefit fro…
2009
Objectives: To test retrospectively the ability of four freely available rules-based expert systems to predict short- and medium-term virological outcome following an antiretroviral treatment switch in pre-treated HIV-1 patients. Methods: The HIV-1 genotype interpretation systems (GISs) HIVdb, ANRS, Rega and AntiRetroScan were tested for their accuracy in predicting response to highly active antiretroviral therapy using 8 week (n = 765) and 24 week (n = 634) follow-up standardized treatment change episodes extracted from the Italian Antiretroviral Resistance Cohort Analysis (ARCA) database. A genotypic sensitivity score (GSS) was derived for each genotype-treatment pair for the different GI…
The ocular penetration of oral sparfloxacin in humans
1994
The penetration of sparfloxacin into the aqueous humor after oral administration was studied in 28 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Each patient received a single, oral dose of 400 mg of sparfloxacin. In eight other patients scheduled to undergo vitreal surgery, multiple daily oral doses were administered for a total amount of 1,000 mg. The aqueous levels were (mean +/- SEM) 0.127 +/- 0.036 microgram/ml to 0.404 +/- 0.159 microgram/ml from two to 24 hours after ingestion. In the vitreous, the mean drug level was 0.840 microgram/ml (range, 0.480 to 2.060 microgram/ml), from 4.3 to 8.0 hours after the most recent oral dose. Blood samples obtained at the same time as vitreous and aqueous …
Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis in a surgical intensive care unit: an observational study
2015
Background: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a frequent and life-threatening infection in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of IC and the antifungal susceptibility of etiological agents in patients admitted to our surgical intensive care unit (SICU) in Spain. Methods: We designed a prospective, observational, single center, population-based study in a SICU. We included all consecutive adult patients (≥18 years old) who had documented IC, either on admission or during their stay, between January 2012 and December 2013. Results: There were a total of 22 episodes of IC in the 1149 patients admitted during the 24-month study. The overall IC incidence wa…